Bhatt, A.P.; Redinbo, M.R.; Bultman, S.J. Vol. 67 Nr. 4 Página: 326 - 344 Fecha de publicación: 08/07/2017
Resumen: Answer questions and earn CME/CNE The human body harbors enormous numbers of microbiota that influence cancer susceptibility, in part through their prodigious metabolic capacity
and their profound influence on immune cell function. Microbial pathogens drive tumorigenesis in 15% to 20% of cancer cases. Even larger numbers of malignancies are associated with an altered
composition of commensal microbiota (dysbiosis) based on microbiome studies using metagenomic sequencing. Although association studies cannot distinguish whether changes in microbiota are
causes or effects of cancer, a causative role is supported by rigorously controlled preclinical studies using gnotobiotic mouse models colonized with one or more specific bacteria. These studies demonstrate
that microbiota can alter cancer susceptibility and progression by diverse mechanisms, such as modulating inflammation, inducing DNA damage, and producing metabolites involved in
oncogenesis or tumor suppression. Evidence is emerging that microbiota can be manipulated for improving cancer treatment. By incorporating probiotics as adjuvants for checkpoint immunotherapy
or by designing small molecules that target microbial enzymes, microbiota can be harnessed to improve cancer care. CA Cancer J Clin 2017;67:326-344. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
